Biographical Information

Charles Raymond

University of Washington

Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351310

Seattle, WA. 98195, USA

Professional Preparation:

1961 A.B. in Physics and Mathematics,

University of California Berkeley, USA

1969 Ph.D. in Geophysics,

California Institute of Technology, USA

Appointments:

1969-1973 Assistant Professor of Geophysics,

University of Washington, Seattle, USA

1973-1979 Associate Professor of Geophysics,

University of Washington, Seattle, USA

1979-2002 Professor of Geophysics,

University of Washington, Seattle, USA

2002- Professor Emeritus,

University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Other professional contributions:

· Graduate Program Advisor, Geophysics, University of Washington

· Committee on Glaciers: American Geophysical Union

· Chairman, Committee on Glaciology of the NRC Polar Research Board

· Polar Oceans Climate Studies Panel of the NRC Ocean Sciences Board

· Council of the International Glaciology Society

· Vice President, International Glaciology Society

· Associate Editor, Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth

Professional honors:

· Fellow of the American Geophysical Union

· Seligman Crystal of the International Glaciological Society

· Louis Agassiz Medal of the European Geosciences Union

Primary research interests:

· Glaciology with emphasis on the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets.

· Physical-chemical processes in temperate ice and wet snow.

Synergistic activities:

· Education. Mentoring of undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral students. Principal advisor for 21 graduate students and helped supervise and served on numerous other graduate student committees. Developed graduate and undergraduate courses concerning the basic physics of ice and water and their role in environmental processes, and a course in the fundamentals of continuum mechanics for applications in solid earth geophysics.

· Editorial. Editing of proceedings from glaciological meetings. Peer reviews of numerous manuscripts and proposals for government agencies.

· Dissemination of research findings. Providing facts to media and public officials related to global-warming. Gave counsel to former US vice-President Gore (1995).

Recent collaborators:

Robert Bindschadler, Gino Casassa, Howard Conway, Keith Echelmeyer, Andrew Fountain, Hilmar Gudmundsson, Bernard Hallet, Will Harrison, Richard Hindmarsh, Ian Joughin, Kenichi Matsuoka, Masayoshi Nakawo, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Cornelis van der Veen, Ed Waddington, Steve Warren, Dale Winebrenner and Barclay Kamb (thesis advisor).

Ten selected publications:

Raymond, C.F., 1973. Inversion of flow measurements for stress and rheological parameters in a valley glacier. J. Glaciol., 12(64), 19-44.

Raymond, C.F., 1976. Some thermal effects of bubbles in temperate glacier ice J. Glaciol., 16(74), 159-171.

Raymond, C.F., and K. Tusima, 1978. Grain-coarsening of water-saturated snow. J. Glaciol., 22(86), 83-105.

Raymond, C.F., 1980. Temperate valley glaciers. In The Dynamics of Snow and Ice Masses (ed. S.C. Colbeck). Academic Press, pp 79 -193.

Raymond, C.F., 1983. Deformation in the vicinity of ice divides. J. Glaciol., 29(103), 357-373.

Raymond, C.F., 1987. How do glaciers surge? A review. J. Geophys. Res., 92(B9), 9121-9134.

Johannesson, T., C.F. Raymond and E.D. Waddington, 1989. Timescales for adjustment of glaciers to changes in mass balance. J. Glaciol., 35(121), 355-369.

Raymond, C.F., 1996. Shear margins in glaciers and ice sheets. J. Glaciol, 42(140), 90-102.

Raymond, C.F., 2000. Energy balance of ice streams. J. Glaciol, 46(155), 665-674.

Raymond, C.F., G. Catania and N.A. Nereson and C. J. Van der Veen, 2006. Bed radar reflectivity across the north margin of Whillans Ice Stream and implications for margin processes. J. Glaciol. 52(176), 3-10.

List of peer-reviewed publications (ordered by date):

Raymond, C.F., 1971. Determination of the three-dimensional velocity field in a glacier. J. Glaciol., 10(58), 39-54.

Raymond, C.F., 1971. Flow in a transverse section of the Athabasca Glacier, Alberta, Canada. J. Glaciol., 10(58), 55-84.

Raymond, C.F., 1971. A new borehole inclinometer. J. Glaciol., 10(58), 127-132.

Raymond, C.F., 1973. Inversion of flow measurements for stress and rheological parameters in a valley glacier. J. Glaciol., 12(64), 19-44.

Raymond, C.F., 1974. The local distribution of stress in a rectilinear flow field near a point of zero shear stress. J. Glaciol., 13(67), 141-143.

Raymond, C.F., and W.D. Harrison, 1975. Some observations on the behavior of the liquid and gas phases in temperate glacier ice. J. Glaciol., 14(71), 213-233.

Raymond, C.F., 1976. Some thermal effects of bubbles in temperate glacier ice J. Glaciol., 16(74), 159-171.

Raymond, C.F., and W.D. Harrison, 1976. Impurities and their distribution in a temperate glacier J. Glaciol., 16(74), 173-181.

Bindschadler, R., W.D. Harrison, C.F. Raymond and C. Gantet. 1976. Thermal regime of a surge-type glacier. J. Glaciol., 16(74), 251-259.

Raymond, C.F., 1977. Motion of glaciers. In Rockslides and avalanches (ed. B.Voight). Elsevier Scientific Publishing, pp 793-833.

Bindschadler, R., W.D. Harrison, C.F. Raymond and R. Crosson, 1977. Geometry and dynamics of a surge-type glacier. J. Glaciol., 18(79), 181-194.

Raymond, C.F., and K. Tusima, 1978. Grain coarsening of water-saturated snow. J. Glaciol., 22(86), 83-105.

Bindschadler, R., W.D. Harrison and C.F. Raymond. 1978. Sliding velocity of a surge-type glacier during its quiescent phase of motion. Mater. Glyatsiol. Issled. Khron. Obsuzhdeniya, 32, 225-229.

Bindschadler, R., W.D. Harrison and C.F. Raymond. 1978. Summary of research on a surge-type glacier in Alaska. Mater. Glyatsiol. Issled. Khron. Obsuzhdeniya, 32, 138-142.

Langdon, J. and C.F. Raymond, 1978. Numerical calculation of adjustment of a glacier surface to pertubations of ice thickness. Mater. Glyatsiol. Issled. Khron. Obsuzhdeniya, 32, 233-239.

Raymond, C.F., R.L. Hooke, R.L. Hotchkiss and R.J. Gustafson, 1979. Calculations of velocity and temperature in a polar glacier using the finite element method. J. Glaciol., 24(90), 131-146.

Raymond, C.F., 1980. Temperate valley glaciers. In The Dynamics of Snow and Ice Masses (ed. S.C. Colbeck). Academic Press, pp 79 -193.

Raymond, C.F., 1983. Deformation in the vicinity of ice divides. J. Glaciol., 29(103), 357-373.

Jacobel, R. and C.F. Raymond, 1984. Radio echo-sounding studies of englacial water movement in Variegated Glacier, Alaska. J. Glaciol., 30(104), 22-29.

Balise, M.J. and C.F. Raymond, 1985. Transfer of basal sliding variations to the surface of a linearly viscous glacier. J. Glaciol., 31(109), 308-318.

Kamb, B., C.F. Raymond, W.D. Harrison, H. Engelhardt, K.A. Echelmeyer, N. Humphrey, M.M. Brugman and T. Pfeffer, 1985. Glacier surge mechanism: 1982-1983 surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, Science, 227(4686), 469-479.

Raymond, C.F. and S.D. Malone, 1986. Propagating strain anomalies during mini-surges of Variegated Glacier, Alaska. J. Glaciol., 32(111), 178-191.

Humphrey, N.C, C.F. Raymond and W.D. Harrison, 1986. Discharges of turbid water during mini-surges of Variegated Glacier, Alaska. J. Glaciol., 32(111), 195-207.

Harrison, W.D., C.F. Raymond and P. MacKeith, 1986. Short period motion events on Variegated Glacier as observed by automatic photography and seismic methods. Annals Glaciol, 8, 82-89.

Raymond, C.F., 1987. How do glaciers surge? A review. J. Geophys. Res., 92(B9), 9121-9134.

Raymond, C.F., T. Johannesson, W.T. Pfeffer and M. Sharp, 1987. Propagation of a glacier surge into stagnant ice. J. Geophys. Res., 92(B9), 9037-9049.

Raymond, C.F. and W.D. Harrison, 1987. Fit of ice motion models to observations from Variegated Glacier, Alaska. IAHS Pub. 170, 153-166.

Raymond, C.F. and W.D. Harrison, 1987. Evolution of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, USA, prior to its surge. J. Glaciol., 34(117), 1-16.

Harbor, J.B., B. Hallet and C.F. Raymond, 1988. Land form development by glacial erosion. Nature, 333(6171), 347-349.

Johannesson, T., C.F. Raymond and E.D. Waddington, 1989. A simple method for determining the response time of glaciers. In Glacier fluctuations and climate change (ed. J. Oerlemans), Kluwer Academic, pp. 343-352.

Johannesson, T., C.F. Raymond and E.D. Waddington, 1989. Timescales for adjustment of glaciers to changes in mass balance. J. Glaciol., 35(121), 355-369.

Schott, C., E.D. Waddington and C.F. Raymond, 1992. Predicted time-scales for GISP2 and GRIP boreholes at Summit, Greenland. J. Glaciol., 38(128), 162-168.

Harrison, W.D., K.A. Echelmeyer, D.M. Cosgrove and C.F. Raymond, 1992. The determination of glacier speed by time-lapse photography under unfavorable conditions. J. Glaciol., 38(129), 257-265.

Raymond, C.F., 1993. Glaciers and Ice Sheets. In Encyclopedia of Applied Physics (ed. G.L. Trigg), VCH Publishers, pp. 239-249.

Schwitter, M.P. and C.F. Raymond, 1993. Changes in the longitudinal profiles of glaciers during advance and retreat. J. Glaciol., 39(133), 582-590.

Conway, H. and C.F. Raymond, 1993. Snow stability during rain. J. Glaciol., 39(133), 635-642.

Humphrey, N.F. and C.F. Raymond, 1994. Hydrology erosion and sediment production in a surging glacier, Variegated Glacier, Alaska. J. Glaciol., 40(136), 539-552.

Raymond, C.F., J.C. Rogers, P.L. Taylor and B. Koci, 1994. Vertical strain measurement in core holes. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, (Special Issue), 49, 234-240.

Harrison, W.D., K.A. Echelmeyer, E.F. Chacho, C.F. Raymond and R.J. Benedict, 1994. The 1987-88 surge of West Fork Glacier, Susitna Basin, Alaska, U.S.A. J. Glaciol., 40(135), 241-254.

Thompson, L.G., D.A. Peel, E. Mosley-Thompson, R. Mulvaney, J. Dai, P.N. Lin, M.E. Davis and C.F. Raymond, 1994. Climate since AD 1510 on Dyer Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula: evidence for recent climate change. Annals Glaciol., 20, 420-426.

Raymond, C.F., R.J. Benedict, W.D. Harrison, K.A. Echelmeyer and M. Sturm, 1995. Hydrological discharges and motion of Fels and Black Rapids Glaciers, Alaska, USA: Implications for the structure of their drainage systems. J. Glaciol., 41(138), 290-304.

Cutler, N.A., C.F. Raymond, E.D. Waddington, D.A. Meese and R.B. Alley, 1995. The effect of ice sheet thickness change on the accumulation history inferred from GISP2 layer thicknesses. Annals Glaciol., 21, 26-32.

Raymond, C.F. 1996. Shear margins in glaciers and ice sheets. J. Glaciol., 42(140), 90-102.

Conway, H., A.M. Gades and C.F. Raymond, 1996. Albedo of dirty snow during conditions of melt. Water Res. Res., 32(6), 1713-1718.

Jacobel, R.W., T.A. Scambos, C.F. Raymond and A.M. Gades, 1996. Changes in the configuration of ice stream flow from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. J. Geophys. Res., 101(B3), 5499-5504.

Nereson, N.A., E.D. Waddington, C.F. Raymond and H.P. Jacobson, 1996. Predicted age-depth scales for Siple Dome and Inland WAIS ice cores in West Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Letters, 23(22), 3163-3166.

Raymond, C.F., B. Weertman, L. Thompson, E.-M. Thompson, D. Peel and R. Mulvaney, 1996. Geometry, motion and mass balance of Dyer Plateau, Antarctica. J. Glaciol., 42(142), 510-518.

Nereson, N.A., R. Hindmarsh and C.F. Raymond, 1997. Sensitivity of divide position at Siple Dome, West Antarctica to boundary forcing. Annals Glaciol., 27, 207-214.

Boudreaux, A. and C.F. Raymond, 1997. Geometry response of glaciers to changes in spatial pattern of mass balance. Annals Glaciol., 25, 407-411.

Gudmundsson, G.H., C.F. Raymond and R.A. Bindschadler, 1998. The origin and longevity of flow stripes on Antarctic ice streams. Annals Glaciol., 25, 407-411.

Nereson, N.A., C.F. Raymond, E.D. Waddington and R.W. Jacobel, 1998. Migration of the Siple Dome Ice Divide, West Antarctica. J. Glaciol., 44(148), 643-652.

Jacobson, H.P. and C.F. Raymond, 1998. Thermal effects on the location of ice stream margins. J. Geophys. Res., 103(B6), 12,111-12-122.

Cuffey, K.M. and H. Conway, B. Hallet, A.M. Gades and C.F. Raymond, 1999. Interfacial water in polar glaciers and glacier sliding at –17^oC. Geophys. Res. Letters, 26(6), 751-754.

Raymond, C.F. 2000. Energy balance of ice streams. J. Glaciol., 46(155), 665-674.

Gades, A.M., C.F. Raymond, H. Conway and R.W. Jacobel, 2000. Bed properties of Siple Dome and the adjacent ice streams, West Antarctica, inferred from radio echo-sounding measurements. J. Glaciol., 46(152), 88-94.

Nereson, N.A., C.F. Raymond, R.W. Jacobel and E.D. Waddington, 2000. The accumulation pattern across Siple Dome, West Antarctica, inferred from radar-detected internal layers. J. Glaciol., 46(152), 75-87.

Jacobel, R.W., T.A. Scambos, N.A. Nereson and C.F. Raymond, 2000. Changes in the margin of Ice Stream C, Antarctica. J. Glaciol., 46(152), 102-110.

Raymond, C.F., and M. Nolan, 2000. Drainage of a glacial lake through an ice spillway. IAHS Pub. 264, 199-207.

Naito, N., M. Nakawo. T. Kadota and C.F. Raymond, 2000. Numerical simulation of recent shrinkage of Khumbu Glacier, Nepal Himalaya. IAHS Pub. 264, 245-254.

Naito, N., Y. Ageta, M. Nakawo, E.D. Waddington, C.F. Raymond and H. Conway, 2001. Response sensitivities of a summer-accumulation type glacier to climate changes indicated with a glacier fluctuation model. Bull. Glaciol. Res., 18, 1-8.

Raymond, C.F., K.A. Echelmeyer, I.M. Whillans, and C.S.M. Doake, 2001. Ice Stream shear margins, in The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Behavior and Environment, Antarctic Research Series 77, AGU, Washington, DC, pp137-155.

Thorsteinsson, T. and C.F. Raymond, 2001. Sliding versus till deformation in the fast motion of an ice stream over a viscous till. J. Glaciol., 46(155), 633-640.

Nereson, N.A. and C.F. Raymond, 2001. The elevation history of ice streams and the spatial accumulation pattern along Siple Coast of West Antarctica inferred from ground-based radar data from three inter-ice-stream ridges. J. Glaciol., 47(157), 303-313.

Eisen, O., W.D. Harrison and C.F. Raymond, 2001. The surges of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., and their connection to climate and mass balance. J. Glaciol., 47(158), 351-358.

Raymond, C.F., 2002. Ice sheets on the move. Science, 298(5601), 2147-2148.

Conway, H., G. Catania, C. F. Raymond, A. M. Gades, T. A. Scambos and H. Engelhardt, 2002. Switch of flow direction in an Antarctic ice stream. Nature, 419, 465-467.

Harrison, W.D., C.F. Raymond, K.A. Echelmeyer and R.M. Krimmel, 2003. A macroscopic approach to glacier dynamics. J. Glaciol., 49(164), 13-21.

Thorsteinsson, T., C.F. Raymond, G.H. Gudmundsson, R.B. Bindschadler, P. Vornberger and I. Joughin, 2003. Bed topography and lubrication inferred from surface measurements on fast flowing ice streams. J. Glaciol., 49(167), 481-490.

Catania, G., H. Conway, A.M. Gades, C.F. Raymond and H. Engelhardt, 2003. Bed-reflectivity beneath inactive ice streams in West Antarctica. Annals Glaciol, 36, 287-291.

Winebrenner, D.P., B. Smith, G. Catania, H. Conway and C.F. Raymond, 2003. Radio-frequency attenuation beneath Siple Dome, West Antarctica from wide-angle and profiling radar observations. Annals Glaciol, 37, 226-232.

Conway, H., C.F. Raymond, M. Funk and S. Margreth, 2003. Snow avalanches, ice avalanches and glacier surges. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, (http://www.eolss.net/)

Catania, G., H. Conway, C.F. Raymond and T.A. Scambos, 2005. Surface morphology and internal layer stratigraphy in the downstream end of Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica. J. Glaciology, 51(174), 423-431

Smith, B.E., C.R. Bentley, and C.F. Raymond, 2005. Recent elevation changes on the ice streams and ridges of the Ross Embayment from ICESaT cross-overs. Geophys. Res. Letts. 32 L21S09, doi:10.1029/2005GL024365.

Raymond, C.F., T.A. Neumann, E. Rignot, K.A. Echelmeyer, A. Rivera and G. Cassasa, 2005. Retreat of Tyndall Glacier, Patagonia, over the last half century. J. Glaciol, 51(173), 239-247.

Raymond, C.F., G. Catania and N.A. Nereson and C. J. Van der Veen, 2006. Bed radar reflectivity across the north margin of Whillans Ice Stream and implications for margin processes. J. Glaciol. 52(176), 3-10.

Catania, G., T.A. Scambos, H. Conway and C.F. Raymond, 2006. Sequential stagnation of Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Letts. 33 L14502, doi:10.1029/2006GL026430.

Catania, G., H. Conway, C.F. Raymond and T.A. Scambos, 2006. Evidence for grounding-line fluctuations prior to the stagnation of Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. 111 F01005, doi:10.1029/2005JF000355.

Smith, B.E., C.F. Raymond and T.A. Scambos, 2006. Anisotropic texture of ice sheet surfaces. J. Geophys. Res. 111 F01019, doi:10.1029/2005JF000393.

Rasmussen, L.A., H. Conway and C.F. Raymond, 2007. Influence of upper air conditions on the Patagonia Ice Fields. Global and Planetary Change, 59, 203-216.

Catania, G., H.Conway and C.F. Raymond, Submitted. Bed-reflectivity beneath inter-ice stream ridges, West Antarctica. Annals Glaciol..

Matsuoka, K., A. Gades, H. Conway, G. Catania, and C. Raymond, In press. Radar signatures beneath a surface topographic lineation near the outlet of Kamb ice stream and Engelhardt ice ridge, West Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol.

Matsuoka, K., L. Wilen, S. P. Hurley, and C.F. Raymond, In press. Effects of birefringence within ice sheets on bistatic radar measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.